Disease and Infection

Plaque and Calculus

Plaque is a collection of bacteria that is naturally occurring in the mouth as a result of what we eat on a daily basis.  Typically plaque is a clear (or at times yellow), thin layer of bacteria that clings to the surfaces of our teeth.  If not removed, plaque will accumulate over time to create a dense colony of bacteria called calculus.  Calculus is more rigid and easier to see with the naked eye.  Diligent oral hygiene habits are absolutely paramount to keep your plaque/calculus levels in check.  If plaque and calculus are not removed they can lead to gingivitis, periodontitis, and decay.  Keep brushing and flossing!!!


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Cavity

Also called “caries” by dental professionals.  Caries are a concoction of bacteria, dead tooth debris, decaying food particles, and inflammatory cells.  These infections are a result of the harmful bacteria in our mouth creating colonies that promote the growth of even more harmful bacteria.  This process usually starts in the enamel and erodes tooth structure down to the more porous dentin; where the infection really starts to cause the patient pain or general discomfort.  Caries do not always cause pain right away, but if given time, will cause larger breakdown in tooth structure thus causing pain later on.


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Periodontal Disease

Also called "gum disease".  Periodontal disease is a process were aggressive bacteria break down the bone that supports the tooth root thus causing the body to send inflammatory cells to the location to help destroy the infection.  In doing this, the bone that supports the tooth will begin to recede causing pocketing and mobility.  Many times with patients who have this issue we see a gingiva that bleeds excessively, inflammation around teeth, gingival recession, and radiographic bone loss.  A "deep cleaning" or SRP is needed to debride these deep pockets to help keep the area clean and help stop any future bone loss.


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Abscess

The apex ("tip") of the tooth root is sometimes where we see bacterial infections.  Often times we see this on teeth that have severe infections in the pulp or even sometimes in the socket.  This lesion is contained within bone and can cause pain or swelling.  We can detected these lesions with an x-ray of the tooth root(s).  For deep infections such as this, many times a root canal is the suggested treatment option.


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This information is meant solely for informational purposes and not as medical or dental advice.  Please consult your physician before any dental procedures.